Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for protein determination in human urine

Excessive protein excretion in human urine is an early and sensitive marker of diabetic nephropathy, primary secondary renal disease. Kidney problems, particularly chronic kidney disease, remain among the few growing causes mortality world. Therefore, it important to develop efficient, expressive, low-cost method for determination. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) methods are potential candidates achieve those criteria. In this paper, SERS was developed distinguish patients with proteinuria healthy group. Two types commercial gold nanoparticles a diameter 60 nm 100 were employed prepare substrates analysis 78 samples unique patients. Data by PCA-LDA algorithm, ROC curves, gave results diagnostic figures merits. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, AUC 0.79, 0.89, 0.85, 0.90 set Au NPs, respectively. 0.98, 0.90, 0.91 The show differentiating between individuals clinical diagnostics.